People assigned female at birth are 2.5 times more likely than people assigned male at birth to experience depression, and research shows this risk is heightened during menopause, the transition period between reproductive and nonreproductive ages.
However, disentangling the various factors that may contribute to a heightened risk of depression during menopause is complicated. Some risk factors for developing depression during menopause include:
- Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes and night sweats)
- History of depression (particularly depression related to hormonal changes like pregnancy or the menstrual cycle)
- Surgical menopause (having a hysterectomy)
- Adverse life events
- Difficulty adjusting to body changes and one’s new life stage
- Gendered stigma and discrimination concerning aging
Many people experience depression during menopause, and knowing the symptoms can help you seek treatment faster and get back to feeling well. Treatments for depression during menopause may include:
- Antidepressants
- Psychotherapy (talk therapy)
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
Due to hormonal fluctuations, menopause can lead to mood swings and trouble sleeping. However, if you are in a persistently low mood, with a loss of interest in things you used to enjoy or feelings of guilt or hopelessness, you may have depression, and speaking to a healthcare provider is essential.